Kaspa finalizes 3 standards for native tokens and covenant apps
Prefer us on Google
Kaspa's KCC Coordination Forum has finalized three standards covering covenant interfaces, authorization, and fungible tokens, establishing shared specifications for developers building applications on the network.
Summary
- KCC-1 defines shared interfaces for wallets, compilers, indexers, and other tools working with covenants.
- KCC-2 specifies five standard authorization schemes, including public keys, scripts, and covenant identifiers.
- KCC-20 sets token transfer rules and supports receiving tokens through an existing compatible output.
- Finalization establishes ecosystem conventions without changing consensus rules or requiring every participant to adopt them.
KCC Coordination Forum said in an Oct. 21 announcement that KCC-1, KCC-2 and KCC-20 were final and ready for adoption across the ecosystem. The forum invited builders to join its public channel for questions, implementation discussions, and support.
Greetings $KAS. KCC-1, KCC-2 and KCC-20 are now Final, meaning they are ready for full adoption across the ecosystem.
We invite Kaspa builders to join the public KCC channel to ask questions, get support, discuss implementations and share what you build.
Come build with us. --- KCC Coordination Forum (@kccforum) October 21, 2026
Kaspa's canonical standards repository lists all three documents as Final. Its index identifies KCC-1 as the covenant specification, KCC-2 as the authority specification, and KCC-20 as the application standard for fungible-token covenants.
The repository describes KCCs as shared conventions for independent implementations. Its documentation separates those conventions from changes to consensus or core-node behavior, which belong in Kaspa Improvement Proposals.
Kaspa standards cover different parts of application development
KCC-1 defines common terms, data layouts and an application binary interface, or ABI, for covenants. The specification describes how software encodes information, calls program functions, and identifies the state carried between transactions.
Its authors, Romain Billot, Michael Sutton and Ori Newman, identify compilers, wallets, indexers and transaction builders among the tools that need to agree on those details. The document says independent implementations need common formats beyond simply producing scripts that pass consensus checks.
The KCC-1 specification leaves developers free to choose their programming language, compiler, and framework. Its shared interface covers program entry points, state templates, and rules for handling transactions involving multiple inputs.
Within the same document, the authors distinguish basic interface rules from features that depend on covenant identifiers. Programs without covenant bindings can follow KCC-1, but the specification says they do not receive the lineage and authorization guarantees supplied by KIP-20.
KCC-2 defines who can authorize an operation
KCC-2, written by Billot and Sutton, specifies how programs identify an authority and the minimum checks required to establish its approval. An authority can be a public key, a commitment to a key, a script, or a continuing covenant lineage.
The specification assigns standard identifiers to five authorization schemes. Its public-key options cover Schnorr and ECDSA signatures, while its other options allow a script or covenant lineage to participate as an authority.
For public-key-hash authorization, KCC-2 requires the transaction to reveal the corresponding public key, match its hash against the stored authority value, and provide a valid signature. Higher-level specifications define the signed message and any further conditions.
The authority registry reserves separate ranges for standard and custom schemes. KCC-2 permits participants to adopt custom schemes without waiting for standardization, provided their definitions specify the format, meaning, and approval checks.
Under its covenant-identifier scheme, approval requires an input from the identified covenant lineage. KCC-2 says a higher-level convention can impose further checks on that input's program and state.
KCC-20 sets token transfer and receiving rules
KCC-20 builds on the first two standards, defining token amounts, ownership, and transfer interfaces. The document names Sivan Helfer, Sutton, Newman, and Billot as its authors.
Its specification requires each token covenant to publish program information that software can use to decode state and construct transfers. Configurations must disclose supported ownership schemes and limits on token inputs and outputs.
A feature called borrowed receive lets a sender use a recipient's existing compatible token output as the destination. KCC-20 says the transaction recreates that output with more tokens, preserves its ownership and extended state, and cannot reduce its KAS value.
The security section warns that replacing the output changes its transaction reference, invalidating unconfirmed transactions spending the previous reference. A wallet must discover the replacement before spending it, according to the document.
The standard links an Argent reference implementation with generated SilverScript contracts and Rust conformance tests.
-- Price
Final status carries implementation requirements
KCC-0, the document governing the standards process, requires more than completion of a final review period. It says a standards-track convention needs human-readable and machine-readable test vectors, plus at least one public implementation that passes the machine-readable checks.
Dependencies must be Final for other KCCs or Active for KIPs, according to the same rules. KCC-0 says status changes occur through pull requests and the repository index must be updated with them.
KCC-0 describes machine-readable test vectors as the authoritative form for automated testing when they accompany human-readable examples. Its submission rules require security considerations to address threats, trust assumptions, and potential replay issues before a standards-track document can enter Last Call.
The governing document states that finalization does not require every ecosystem participant to implement a convention. Substantive changes generally require a replacement KCC, while corrections and clarifications follow the document's amendment rules.
Kaspa's application development has previously included separate Layer 2 infrastructure. Gate announced a Kasplex Layer 2 integration in April, enabling KAS deposits and withdrawals through the EVM-compatible network, as crypto.news reported.
In its earlier integration announcement, Gate said customers could transfer KAS from the base network to a Kasplex wallet. Kasplex's project materials describe a two-way bridge and say developers familiar with Ethereum tools can deploy contracts by changing their remote procedure call endpoints.
Kasplex describes its design as a lightweight rollup that places EVM bytecode in Kaspa transactions and executes it off-chain. Its documentation says Kaspa supplies transaction ordering and data availability, while bridged KAS serves as the Layer 2 gas token.
This content is provided for general informational purposes only and doesn't constitute financial, investment, legal, or tax advice. Any events, rewards, online promotions, or related information mentioned herein should not be considered a recommendation, solicitation, or invitation to purchase, sell, trade, or otherwise deal in any crypto assets. Crypto assets are highly volatile and may result in loss. The availability of WEEX services, products, and related events may vary by region. You are responsible for ensuring that your participation is in accordance with applicable local laws and regulations.
You may also like
Top Crypto Communities in 2026
Kaspa Aims for 100 Blocks Per Second: DAGKnight, ZK, and VProgs
What is Kaspa (KAS)? The Mechanism of BlockDAG that Recovered a $1 Billion Scale
Top 20 Cryptocurrencies by Social Mentions According to LunarCrush
Data: Most of the cryptocurrency market is up, with the Meme sector rising by 5.09%, while only the GameFi and PayFi sectors are down
Data: The cryptocurrency market is generally declining, with BTC falling below $68,000, but the AI and Meme sectors are rising against the trend
Data: The cryptocurrency market has fallen for two consecutive days, with the Layer 2 sector dropping over 6%, and BTC briefly falling below $71,000
Data: The cryptocurrency market is generally experiencing a pullback, with BTC dropping below $74,000 during the day, only the SocialFi sector remains relatively strong
Data: Today's price changes of the top 100 cryptocurrencies by market capitalization
Best New Meme Coin to Purchase Under $0.01 – January 5
Key Takeaways PEPENODE is emerging as a promising meme coin with its current presale successfully raising over $2.5…
Kaspa Price Forecast – Expected Decline to $ 0.038894 by January 09, 2026
Key Takeaways Kaspa’s price is presently at $ 0.051824 and is anticipated to decrease by 23.35% over the next…
Ripple and SBI Team Up for RLUSD Stablecoin Launch in Japan by Early 2026
Latest Crypto Market Snapshot as of August 22, 2025 BTC Soars to $115,250.00 ETH Hits $4,450.75 XRP Climbs…
Stablecoins offer sub-cent payments, Armstrong says, as critics flag risks
Analysis: Stablecoins, Payments, and Prediction Markets Have Become New Growth Points for Crypto Companies, but Profitability Remains Challenged
Nubank Suspends Crypto Withdrawals: What We Know So Far
Buffett's Successor Faces Setback, Google Holdings Show $3 Billion Unrealized Loss
Banking Outage in Japan: 128 Banks 'Frozen' at Once
Argentine Bitcoiners Debut “The Genesis Of Satoshi Nakamoto” Artwork In Downtown Buenos Aires
Broadcom (AVGO) : AI Growth, Fund Positioning, and Guarantee Risk
Broadcom (AVGO) recently fell with the semiconductor sector, closing down 10.43% at $291.53 on November 5. The shares rebounded more than 4% in premarket trading on November 6. Concerns that election results could lead to tighter AI rules and slower data center approvals contributed to a broad sell-off, with a semiconductor index falling about 12%. The move appears tied mainly to sector sentiment and policy concerns, with no clear company-specific negative catalyst identified.
Institutional trading and AI growth expectations are also in focus. ARK funds sold about $134 million of Broadcom shares over two sessions while adding to SpaceX. Citi maintained its Buy rating and projected that Broadcom’s AI semiconductor revenue could reach $115 billion in fiscal 2027, roughly doubling year over year. Broadcom had approximately $179.2 billion in signed contracts as of the prior quarter, while analysts estimated fourth-quarter AI chip revenue at about $21.7 billion. These forecasts will need to be tested against future results.
Contingent guarantees are another point for investors to monitor. Broadcom is providing guarantees tied to Anthropic’s AI rack-leasing arrangement, involving about $29 billion in the first phase and a second-phase plan of up to $43 billion. Banks plan to issue $21 billion in bonds to support related chip financing. The guarantee amounts are not the same as debt already incurred, but they add a potential risk to assess. Broadcom is scheduled to report its next quarterly results on December 9, when management’s outlook for fiscal 2027 AI demand will be closely watched. This article is for informational purposes only and is not investment advice.
Netflix (NFLX) Stock Rebounds: Insider Sales, Advertising, and Growth Plans
Several Netflix executives sold company shares in early November 2026. Co-CEO Theodore Sarandos sold 27,312 shares from November 3 to 4, valued at about $1.81 million. CFO Spencer Neumann sold shares worth approximately $612,000. Co-CEO Gregory Peters realized about $1.69 million, including transactions related to tax withholding. Chief Legal Officer David Hyman and director Bradford Smith also reduced their holdings. Executive sales can have different reasons and should not be viewed on their own as a measure of the company’s outlook.
After recent pressure, Netflix shares rebounded more than 4% around November 4. Bill Ackman’s Pershing Square Capital Management allocated about 5% of its portfolio to Netflix, while new AI features and positive views on the company’s technology prospects helped sentiment. Netflix reported third-quarter 2026 revenue of $13.44 billion and earnings per share of $0.87, both above expectations, though its forward outlook remains a key focus.
Advertising is one of Netflix’s main challenges. Delays to key ad product features led the company to reduce its annual advertising revenue outlook from $3 billion to $2.7 billion. Viewer engagement has also faced pressure from changes in content appeal and competition from platforms such as YouTube. Netflix is pursuing growth through live events, gaming, and advertising, with plans to expand its ad-supported offering to 15 markets while adjusting its workforce by about 6% to improve margins. Investors may want to monitor advertising growth, engagement, and profitability. This article is for informational purposes only and is not investment advice.
Carvana Earnings: Record Sales, Strong Profit, and Insider Share Sales
Carvana reported third-quarter net revenue of $8.04 billion, up 42.4% year over year and above the $7.7 billion market estimate. Retail units sold reached a record 217,385, an increase of 39.4%. Net income rose to $483 million, while adjusted EBITDA reached a record $800 million, reflecting gains in both revenue and profitability.
Management expects full-year 2026 adjusted EBITDA to reach the upper end of its $2.7 billion to $3.0 billion range. Needham maintained its Buy rating, named Carvana a top pick in transportation technology, and set a $100 price target. Strong results and guidance have drawn investor attention, though continued performance will depend on sales, margins, and operating costs.
Insider transactions are also on investors’ radar. A regulatory filing indicates that CFO Mark Jenkins planned to sell 63,800 shares on November 2, 2026, valued at approximately $4.35 million. Since August, he has planned sales totaling 191,300 shares. An executive share sale alone does not determine a company’s outlook; investors may also consider earnings, cash flow, and future guidance. This article is for informational purposes only and is not investment advice.
FCEL Stock: Data Center Opportunity, Manufacturing Costs, and Lawsuit Risk
FuelCell Energy (ticker: FCEL) provides fuel-cell power solutions. Growing electricity demand from AI data centers could create new business opportunities, while proposed pauses on new data center approvals in some areas have raised concerns about project timelines. A 75-megawatt power project may be affected, and FCEL shares recently fell as much as about 17% in a single session amid policy concerns.
FCEL signed an agreement with Fit Energy to provide up to 380 megawatts of fuel-cell power solutions. Its backlog is approximately $3.6 billion, with about 97% of its sales pipeline related to data centers. The company also drew the second installment under a $49 million financing arrangement backed by an export credit agency, supporting a green energy project and clean-energy exports. Recent leadership changes include Matthew Latino becoming CFO, digital infrastructure executive Peter Hopper joining the board, and John Dansby leading manufacturing scale-up. Converting orders into revenue will depend on production capacity, costs, and project execution.
FCEL reported third-quarter revenue of about $33 million, down approximately 29% year over year, and a net loss of roughly $45.3 million. Product costs and manufacturing overhead for the Fit Energy agreement exceeded the contract pricing, resulting in an approximately $17 million contract impairment charge. Securities class-action allegations concern disclosures about manufacturing capacity and costs; the case remains in the legal process. The deadline to seek appointment as lead plaintiff is November 10, 2026. FCEL’s growth opportunities come with execution, financing, and litigation risks. This article is for informational purposes only and is not investment advice.
Democratic Party's AI Regulation Push Revealed: Plans for Intensive Legislation and Strict Scrutiny of Tech Giants
PFE Stock: Pfizer’s Q3 2026 Earnings, Business Strategy, and Dividend Outlook
PFE is the New York Stock Exchange ticker for Pfizer Inc. In the third quarter of 2026, Pfizer reported revenue of $16.58 billion and adjusted earnings per share of $0.87, both above market expectations. The company raised its full-year revenue outlook to $62 billion–$64 billion and its adjusted EPS guidance to $2.95–$3.05, pointing to stronger performance than previously expected.
Although demand for COVID-related products continues to decline, Pfizer’s non-COVID business is growing. Third-quarter sales reached $720 million for the cancer drug Padcev and $2.52 billion for Eliquis, up 25% year over year. Revenue from newer and acquired products rose 32%. Pfizer is expanding its oncology pipeline, entering the weight-loss treatment market through its acquisition of Metsera, and targeting approximately $9.7 billion in net cost savings by 2029. Cecile Guegan has also taken over as chief financial officer.
Investors are also watching Pfizer’s dividend and legal developments. The company declared a cash dividend of $0.43 per share, with an ex-dividend date of November 6, 2026. Analysts raised some earnings estimates and price targets following the quarterly results. Pfizer also faces ongoing legal scrutiny related to statements about COVID vaccine safety, while its subsidiary Mylan has sued Novo Nordisk over generic-drug patent issues involving Wegovy. Pfizer’s outlook depends on new-product growth, cost savings, patent matters, and litigation developments. This article is for informational purposes only and is not investment advice.
South Korea’s GOPAX halts crypto trading, withdrawals after hacking threat
Bhutan: A royal decree opens the future central bank's reserves in Gelephu to cryptocurrencies
AI Begins to Shake Google's Search Advertising Business Behind $500 Billion Market Value Erosion
What is the real challenge for South Korean exchanges now that the regulatory framework is in place?
What Is TLT? Long-Term Treasury Bonds After the Midterm Election
Former FBI Agent Pleads Guilty to Stealing $2.5M in Crypto From 35 Investigations
Top Crypto Communities in 2026
Kaspa Aims for 100 Blocks Per Second: DAGKnight, ZK, and VProgs
What is Kaspa (KAS)? The Mechanism of BlockDAG that Recovered a $1 Billion Scale
Top 20 Cryptocurrencies by Social Mentions According to LunarCrush
Data: Most of the cryptocurrency market is up, with the Meme sector rising by 5.09%, while only the GameFi and PayFi sectors are down
Data: The cryptocurrency market is generally declining, with BTC falling below $68,000, but the AI and Meme sectors are rising against the trend
